The μ Switch Region Tandem Repeats Are Important, but Not Required, for Antibody Class Switch Recombination
نویسندگان
چکیده
منابع مشابه
The μ Switch Region Tandem Repeats Are Important, but Not Required, for Antibody Class Switch Recombination
Class switch DNA recombinations change the constant (C) region of the antibody heavy (H) chain expressed by a B cell and thereby change the antibody effector function. Unusual tandemly repeated sequence elements located upstream of H chain gene exons have long been thought to be important in the targeting and/or mechanism of the switch recombination process. We have deleted the entire switch ta...
متن کاملShifts in targeting of class switch recombination sites in mice that lack μ switch region tandem repeats or Msh2
The mechanisms that target class switch recombination (CSR) to antibody gene switch (S) regions are unknown. Analyses of switch site locations in wild-type mice and in mice that lack the Smu tandem repeats show shifts indicating that a 4-5-kb DNA domain (bounded upstream by the Imu promoter) is accessible for switching independent of Smu sequences. This CSR-accessible domain is reminiscent of t...
متن کاملThe role of G-density in switch region repeats for immunoglobulin class switch recombination
The boundaries of R-loops are well-documented at immunoglobulin heavy chain loci in mammalian B cells. Within primary B cells or B cell lines, the upstream boundaries of R-loops typically begin early in the repetitive portion of the switch regions. Most R-loops terminate within the switch repetitive zone, but the remainder can extend a few hundred base pairs further, where G-density on the non-...
متن کاملH2AX Is Required for Recombination Between Immunoglobulin Switch Regions but Not for Intra-Switch Region Recombination or Somatic Hypermutation
Changes in chromatin structure induced by posttranslational modifications of histones are important regulators of genomic function. Phosphorylation of histone H2AX promotes DNA repair and helps maintain genomic stability. Although B cells lacking H2AX show impaired class switch recombination (CSR), the precise role of H2AX in CSR and somatic hypermutation (SHM) has not been defined. We show tha...
متن کامل53BP1 is required for class switch recombination
53BP1 participates early in the DNA damage response and is involved in cell cycle checkpoint control. Moreover, the phenotype of mice and cells deficient in 53BP1 suggests a defect in DNA repair (Ward et al., 2003b). Therefore, we asked whether or not 53BP1 would be required for the efficient repair of DNA double strand breaks. Our data indicate that homologous recombination by gene conversion ...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Journal of Experimental Medicine
سال: 2001
ISSN: 0022-1007,1540-9538
DOI: 10.1084/jem.193.2.159